COMPENDIUM ON FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE - Flipbook - Page 135
Carnitine
Carnitine is required for lipid metabolism, energy production, and
neuroprotection. It contributes to antioxidant response and
neurotransmitter support and is often utilized as a therapeutic
agent in managing degenerative brain disorders such as
Alzheimer’s disease. Deficiency is uncommon in omnivores.
Range
Units
Conventional / Functional
16.6 - 47.1 nmol/mL
Methylmalonic acid (MMA)
MMA is produced during a vitamin B123dependent reaction in the
body. This process supports energy production, and MMA serves
as a functional marker for B12 status. When B12 is deficient, MMA
accumulates. Deficiency may be addressed through vitamin B12
supplementation.
Range
Units
Conventional / Functional
f 0.8 nmol/mL
Asparagine
Asparagine is a nonessential amino acid formed within the body
from glutamine and aspartate. It plays an important role in
neurological development, brain function, and various cellular
mechanisms. It also contributes to genetic material synthesis and
helps eliminate ammonia, a metabolic waste product. Because
it’s found in both plant- and animal-based foods and is produced
internally, deficiencies are rare, and supplementation is generally
unnecessary. Levels could become elevated with excessive
dietary protein intake.
Range
Units
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