COMPENDIUM ON FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE - Flipbook - Page 225
can effectively utilize natural folate from food sources and
methylfolate supplements [57]. A diet rich in leafy greens,
legumes, and other natural folate sources may partially
compensate for reduced enzyme activity.
APOE and Dietary Fats
The APOE gene provides clear evidence of gene-diet interactions
that influence disease risk:
● APOE ε4 carriers typically show adverse lipid responses to
high-saturated fat diets, with increased risk of cardiovascular
disease and cognitive decline [58].
● APOE ε2 carriers generally respond more favorably to higher
fat intakes and may be somewhat protected from these
conditions [59].
● APOE ε3 (the most common variant) represents an
intermediate response.
These differences have led to specific dietary recommendations
for APOE ε4 carriers, focusing on Mediterranean-style diets,
moderate fat intake with emphasis on unsaturated sources, and
higher intake of antioxidant-rich foods [60].
COMT, MAO-A and Catecholamines
COMT and MAO-A variants affect how individuals process
catecholamines, which has implications for:
● Response to caffeine and other stimulants
● Stress management and anxiety
● Cognitive function under pressure
Dietary factors like catechol-rich foods (coffee, tea, chocolate)
can increase catecholamine levels, which may be problematic
for individuals with slow COMT or MAO-A activity. Conversely,
225
