COMPENDIUM ON FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE - Flipbook - Page 278
Immune System Effects
Parasites interact with the host immune system in complex ways:
● Initial pro-inflammatory response: Activation of Th1, innate
immunity
● Later immunomodulation: Many parasites develop
mechanisms to dampen host immunity
● Altered cytokine profiles: Changes in IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-³
● Eosinophilia: Common with tissue-invasive helminths
● Potential benefit in allergic conditions: "Hygiene hypothesis"
suggests some helminthic infections may reduce atopic
disorders
Research published in the Journal of Neuroinflammation suggests
that intestinal parasites may influence the gut-brain axis through
immune modulation and direct and indirect effects on
neurotransmitter systems [24].
Microbiome Disruption
Emerging research indicates parasites can significantly alter the
gut microbiome:
● Reduced diversity: Decreased bacterial species richness
● Altered ratios of beneficial bacteria: Reductions in
Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli
● Increased intestinal permeability: "Leaky gut" promoting
systemic inflammation
● Biofilm formation: Creating protective environments for
pathogens
● Altered short-chain fatty acid production: Impacting gut and
systemic health
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