COMPENDIUM ON FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE - Flipbook - Page 312
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that plays a key
role in methylation, cardiovascular health, and brain function.
Elevated levels are a red flag that the body’s methylation
pathways4especially those involving B12, folate, and B64may be
impaired.
This connects directly to drug3nutrient interactions. Several
medications, including acid reducers (PPIs), metformin, oral
contraceptives, and antipsychotics, can deplete the B vitamins
needed to recycle and clear homocysteine. If these nutrients are
low and unaddressed, homocysteine may accumulate over time,
increasing the risk of vascular inflammation, mood disorders, and
cognitive decline.
Autoimmune & Immune Function
Autoimmune Basics
ANA, IgG/IgA/IgM/IgE panels, early inflammatory signals,
predictive autoimmunity overview.
ANA stands for antinuclear antibodies, proteins produced by the
immune system that mistakenly attack the body's cells, specifically
targeting their nuclei. The presence of ANAs can indicate
autoimmune diseases, but they can also be found in healthy
individuals.
When to run this test:
ANA tests are run when there is a suspicion of autoimmune
diseases, especially if specific symptoms are present. IgG, IgA,
and IgM panels are often tested to evaluate immune system
function, particularly when a client has recurrent infections.
A higher titer, such as 1:160 or above, suggests a greater likelihood
of an autoimmune condition. In contrast, lower titers, like 1:40, may
be present in healthy individuals or those with non-autoimmune
issues.
312
