COMPENDIUM ON FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE - Flipbook - Page 569
Immune cells activated at mucosal sites can migrate to other
parts of the body, carrying their inflammatory programming to
distant locations [39].
Molecular Mimicry
Immune responses against mucosal antigens can cross-react with
self-tissues due to structural similarities, potentially triggering
autoimmunity [40].
Breakdown of Oral Tolerance
A critical function of the mucosal immune system is maintaining
tolerance to beneficial or harmless substances while defending
against pathogens [41]. This delicate balance depends on:
Regulatory T Cells
Specialized immune cells that suppress excessive inflammatory
responses [42].
Dendritic Cell Education
Antigen-presenting cells that decide whether a substance should
be tolerated or attacked [43].
Balanced Secretory IgA Production
Appropriate levels of sIgA help coat and neutralize potential
antigens without excessive inflammation [44].
When these mechanisms falter, the mucosal immune system may
begin inappropriately attacking food proteins, commensal
bacteria, or even self-tissues. Array 14 helps identify where this
breakdown is occurring.
The Three Stages of Mucosal Immune Dysfunction
Research suggests mucosal immune dysfunction typically
progresses through stages [45]:
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