COMPENDIUM ON FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE - Flipbook - Page 834
Toxic Exposure
Heavy metals, particularly mercury and arsenic, can inhibit
mitochondrial enzymes. Environmental chemicals can disrupt the
electron transport chain.
Treatment Approaches for Abnormal Energy Markers
Targeted B-vitamin supplementation based on specific marker
elevations Mitochondrial support nutrients: CoQ10, L-carnitine,
alpha-lipoic acid, D-ribose Magnesium supplementation Reducing
toxic exposure and supporting detoxification pathways Gentle
exercise protocols to improve mitochondrial function
Neurotransmitter Metabolites
Dopamine Metabolites
Homovanillic acid (HVA)
Interpretation
Low levels suggest insufficient dopamine, potentially related to
mood disorders, focus issues, or Parkinson's. High levels may
indicate excess dopamine or impaired breakdown.
Serotonin Metabolites
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
Interpretation
Low levels suggest insufficient serotonin, potentially related to
depression, anxiety, or insomnia. High levels may indicate
increased turnover.
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine Metabolites
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
Interpretation
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